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---- AWB |combatant2= SADF〔(A Pillar of Apartheid falls )〕〔(72 days that shaped South Africa )〕 |commander1= Lucas Mangope Constand Viljoen Jan Breytenbach Douw Steyn Eugène Terre'Blanche |commander2= Georg Meiring |units1= |units2= |strength1= Volksfront: 4,500 AWB: 600〔(TRC Final Report )〕 |strength2= Security Forces: 10,002〔(Bophuthatswana ) South African history online〕〔('Policing Agencies: 1994, Prior to Amalgamation: South Africa' ). Website of the South African Police Service.〕 |casualties1=''Volksfront:'' 1 killed〔(THE DEATHS IN THE MMABATHO/MAFIKENG AREA )〕 ''AWB:'' 4 killed, 3 wounded〔(Historical AWB )〕 |casualties2=''BDF:'' 50 dead, 285 wounded〔(Hearings )〕 |notes= |campaignbox= }} The 1994 Bophuthatswana conflict was a popular uprising against, and subsequent removal of, Lucas Mangope's regime in Bophuthatswana, a South African bantustan created during apartheid. The conflict - which was formally suppressed by the South African Defence Force on March 12 - resulted from wildcat strikes, a wave of support for the African National Congress then sweeping the territory, mutiny in the armed services, and Mangope's refusal to participate in general elections. It has been remembered largely for the public shooting of three right-wing Afrikaner extremists by a black officer of the Bophuthatswana Police. This proved to be a public relations disaster for the far right and demoralised Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging militants hoping to preserve white minority rule.〔Forging Democracy From Below: Insurgent Transitions in South Africa and El Salvador by Elizabeth Wood, (Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics) Cambridge University Press 2003〕 ==Historical background== A product of territorial apartheid, Bophuthatswana - popularly nicknamed "Bop" by her nationals - accepted nominal independence in 1977 from South Africa's Nationalist administration.〔(The End of an Absurdity )〕 The second national unit to reach the status of a bantustan with limited but hypothetically increasing powers of self-rule, Bophuthatswana adopted as her governing document an act drafted by the former Tswana Territorial Authority under South African guidance. South Africa was adamant that elections should take place as early as 1972, but there were no political parties in the new region. This changed rapidly with the ascension of Kgosi Lucas Mangope, who founded the ''Lekobo la Setshaba sa Bophuthatswana'' (English: "Bophuthatswana National Party"). Mangope targeted rural votes and carried an easy majority in the new parliament.〔 Although Bophuthatswana was not recognised as a unique entity by any foreign state (with the possible exception of Israel),〔Sasha Polakow-Suransky, ''The unspoken alliance: Israel's secret relationship with apartheid South Africa'' (Random House Digital, 2010)〕 an estimated two million Tswana lost their South African citizenship accordingly.〔 The 1977 Constitution made it a self-governing democracy inside the Republic of South Africa, with an area of jurisdiction spanning six black-populated districts of the designated Tswana area. Excluded were zones earmarked for white persons encompassing much of the capital and industry.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bophuthatswana conflict (1994)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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